Does it work?

Music is credited with a great many effects. Some hold up well, one of the most famous does not, and the difference is worth knowing.

Evidence behind each claim in does it work? A bar chart grading 5 claims from 0 (contradicted) to 4 (established). Music and exercise4/4Music for sleep3/4Sad music3/4Recommendation algorithms2/4The Mozart effect0/4
Sorted by evidence, not by popularity. The claims at the bottom of this chart are often the ones with the largest marketing budgets behind them. Grading: our reading of the cited literature, not a formal GRADE assessment.

Promising

Does music help you sleep?

Reasonable evidence for improved subjective sleep quality, mostly in people who sleep poorly.

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